He aha ka PLA?
ʻO ka polylactic acid, i kapa ʻia ʻo PLA (Polylactic Acid), he monomer thermoplastic i loaʻa mai nā kumu kūlohelohe hou e like me ka starch kulina a i ʻole ke kō a i ʻole ka pulp beet.
ʻOiai ua like ia me nā plastics mua, ua lilo kona mau waiwai i mau kumuwaiwai hou, e lilo ia i mea ʻokoʻa kūlohelohe i nā wahie fossil.
ʻO ka PLA ke kalapona kūʻokoʻa, edible, a biodegradable, ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke hoʻopau loa i nā wahi kūpono ma mua o ka haki ʻana i nā microplastics pōʻino.
Ma muli o kona hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, hoʻohana maʻamau ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopili no nā ʻeke plastik biodegradable, mau ʻuʻu, kīʻaha, nā papa, a me nā papa ʻaina.
ʻO ka hana hoʻohaʻahaʻa o PLA
Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka PLA ma o ʻekolu mau hana:
Hydrolysis: Ua haki nā pūʻulu ester i ke kaulahao nui, e hopena i ka emi ʻana o ke kaumaha molekala.
ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe wela: kahi hanana paʻakikī e hopena i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā pūhui like ʻole, e like me nā molekala māmā, nā oligomers linear a me cyclic me nā kaupaona molekala like ʻole, a me ka lactide.
Hoʻohaʻahaʻa kiʻi: Hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka hoʻoheheʻe Ultraviolet. ʻO kēia ke kumu nui e hōʻike ai i ka polylactic acid i ka lā i loko o ka plastic, nā pahu pahu, a me nā noi kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
ʻO ka hopena hydrolysis:
-COO- + H 2 O → -COOH + -OH
He lohi loa ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka mahana ambient. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina 2017 ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka PLA kekahi pohō maikaʻi i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki i ka wai kai ma 25 ° C (77 ° F), akā ʻaʻole i ana ka haʻawina i ka decomposition a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana i ka wai o nā kaulahao polymer.
He aha nā wahi noi o PLA?
1. Nā mea kūʻai aku
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo PLA i nā mea kūʻai aku like ʻole, e like me ka papa ʻaina hoʻopau ʻia, nā ʻeke kūʻai kūʻai hale kūʻai, nā pahu lako kīhini, a me nā kamepiula a me nā mea paʻa lima.
2. Mahiai
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo PLA ma ke ʻano fiber no nā laina lawaiʻa fiber hoʻokahi a me nā ʻupena no ka mea kanu a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka mauʻu. Hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻeke one, nā ipu pua, nā kaula paʻa, a me nā kaula.
3. Lapaau lapaau
Hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka PLA i loko o ka waika lactic ʻinoʻole, e kūpono ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano o nā heleuma, nā ʻili, nā papa, nā pine, nā koʻokoʻo, a me nā ʻupena.
ʻEhā mau kūlana scrapping maʻamau
1. Hana hou:
Hiki ke hoʻohana hou i nā kemika a i ʻole ka hana hou ʻana. Ma Pelekiuma, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Galaxy i ka mea kanu hoʻokele mua no ka hana hou ʻana i nā kemika o PLA (Loopla). 'A'ole like me ka hana hou 'ana, hiki i ka 'ōpala ke loa'a nā mea haumia like 'ole. Hiki ke hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ka polylactic acid e like me nā monomers ma o ka polymerization thermal a i ʻole hydrolysis. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā monomers e hana i ka PLA maka me ka ʻole e nalowale i kā lākou mau waiwai kumu.
2. Hoʻopuehu:
Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka PLA ma lalo o nā kūlana composting ʻoihana, ma mua ma o ka hydrolysis kemika, a laila ma o ka microbial digestion, a hope loa. Ma lalo o nā kūlana composting ʻoihana (58 ° C (136 ° F)), hiki i ka PLA ke hoʻoheheʻe hapa (ma kahi o ka hapalua) i loko o ka wai a me ke kalapona kalapona i loko o 60 mau lā, me ke koena o ka decomposing ʻoi aku ka lohi ma hope, ma muli o ka crystallinity o ka mea. I loko o kahi kaiapuni me ka ʻole o nā kūlana kūpono, e lohi loa ka decomposition, e like me nā plastic non biological, ʻaʻole e pau loa no nā haneli a i ʻole mau tausani makahiki.
3. Ke ahi:
Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka PLA me ka ʻole o ka hana ʻana i ka chlorine i loko o nā kemika a i ʻole nā metala kaumaha, no ka mea, aia wale nō ka carbon, oxygen, a me ka hydrogen atoms. ʻO ka puhi ʻana i ka PLA i ʻoki ʻia e hoʻohua i 19.5 MJ/kg (8368 btu/lb) o ka ikehu me ka waiho ʻole ʻana i ke koena. ʻO kēia hopena, a me nā ʻike ʻē aʻe, e hōʻike ana i ka incineration he ʻano hoʻomalu kaiapuni no ka mālama ʻana i ka waika polylactic ʻōpala.
4. Hoʻopau ʻāina:
ʻOiai hiki i ka PLA ke komo i nā pae ʻāina, ʻo ia ka mea liʻiliʻi loa e pili ana i ke kaiapuni no ka mea e hoʻohaʻahaʻa lohi ana ka mea i nā mahana ambient, maʻamau e like me ka lohi e like me nā plastics degradable ʻē aʻe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-20-2024